b. For light (electromagnetic waves) the vectors are the electric and magnetic fields, and the lightâs polarization ⦠The Psychology of Groups. The group mustnât be made immune to any outside force and level of cohesiveness shouldnât reach extreme level. Examples Of Political Polarization. Real World Examples of Groupthink. Sally is a middle-aged woman who doesnât like smoking because itâs unhealthy. For example, figure 3 shows a cation-selective membrane zone in which the mobility of the cation is increased relative to that of the anion, causing ionic concentration gradients and therefore polarization. 2. This module assumes that a thorough understanding of people requires a thorough understanding of groups. That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. A final positive consequence of polarization is that it slows down the government. Groupthink: Social Theory. A public example of group polarization may have occurred in 2013 in the US, when opposition to the Affordable Care Act led a group of Republicans in the House of Representatives to shut down the US government in hopes of forcing negotiations over the actâs implementation. It is entirely dependent upon fixed biological characteristics. Group polarization is the usual pattern with deliberating groups, having been found in hundreds of studies involving more than a dozen countries, including the United States, France, and Germany. Good examples of corrosion inhibitors (of the anodic type) for steel in aqueous media are alkalis, such as NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH) 2. Polarization is a historically common feature of the politics of the United States. Hitler did this, rallying millions behind his belief that Jews had to be exterminatedâ¦. It helps account for many terrible things, including terrorism, stoning, and âmobbingâ in ⦠Some examples of compounds wherein carbon acts as a nucleophile include Grignard Reagents, Organolithium Reagents, and n-butyllithium. Recommended Readings: New to this edition, recommended further readings of both classic and contemporary literature have been added to each chapter, providing a springboard for further consideration of the topic. Currently, this opinion of herâs is mild and doesnât her normal routine. As Amy Chua puts it in Political Tribes (2018): âThe Left believes that right-wing tribalismâbigotry, racismâis tearing the country apart. Why do people in groups tend to behave this way? Polarization definition, a sharp division, as of a population or group, into opposing factions. A political system is a system for distributing authority over a society. 2. One example is the way in which unruly [â¦] But the most important thing to understand is that it actually does happen.. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 59 ( 2012 ) 443 ââ¬â 450 1877-0428 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Originally issued in 1954 and updated in 1961 and 1987, this pioneering study of "small group" conflict and cooperation has long been out-of-print. (0 < FRACTION_OF_POLARIZATION < 1). ⢠This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. Group Polarization Examples. Only transverse waves can exhibit the phenomenon of polarization. Keep Group Size Small: The smaller the group, the less likely group members will be prone to social loafing. Polarization definition is - the action of polarizing or state of being or becoming polarized: such as. Selection and/or peer reviewed under responsibility of the UKM Teaching and Learning Congress 2011 doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.299 UKM Teaching and Learning Congress 2011 The role of education in shaping youthââ¬â¢s national identity Fazilah Idris a, *, Zaharah Hassan a ⦠For example, if a leader makes his or her preferences and opinions known, group members may be hesitant to publicly question the leaderâs opinion. Public Agenda's most recent Hidden Common Ground survey found that ⦠The ideal size of a group is between four and eight members. Learn more. More commonly, consensus building is aimed at building support for a ⦠Hyper-Polarization, COVID, Racism, and the Constructive Conflict Initiative ... education, physical mobility (such as travel), recreation, and services that are available to members of a group. Found insideJanis identifies the causes and fateful consequences of groupthink, the process that takes over when decision-making bodies agree for the sake of agreeing to abandon their critical judgment. 23 Examples of Group Decisions. The vibration of the particles in a medium takes place in the same place and this is known as the plane of vibration or polarization. What drives political polarization? Group polarization (9:04) - George Schreer pointed me to this excellent example of group polarization. Found insideThis volume brings together leading researchers in moral and political psychology, offering new perspectives on the moral roots of political ideology, and exciting new opportunities for the development of more effective applied ... What are the lasting effects of each type of persuasion? Groupthink and group polarization are examples of _____ asked Apr 25, 2016 in Business by Denisse. ð. Bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein reveals the appeal and the danger of conformity We live in an era of tribalism, polarization, and intense social divisionâseparating people along lines of religion, political conviction, race, ethnicity ... My shift is consistent with the _____ theory of group polarization. In sociology and social psychology, an in-group is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. Row C demonstrates the polarization insensitive nature of the m = 2 retarder. Over time and with group discussion, the group's attitude toward that situation may change. Properties such as pressure and density are constant in a medium when there is a propagation of transverse waves. Dissenters are often portrayed as selfish and disloyal, but Sunstein shows that those who reject pressures imposed by others perform valuable social functions, often at their own expense. 27. Consensus building is the social process of obtaining general or widespread agreement for a principle, goal, strategy, plan, rule, decision or design. Stage 5: Polarization- The Germans used many means of propaganda for the discrimination and polarizing of the different minority groups. These two trends are basically opposites of each other, meaning different things, but can also coexist with each other. Group polarization is the result of both cognitive and affective factors. Each essay in this book illustrates the lasting influence of Muzafer Sherif's seminal work in social psychology. management; 0 Answers. Each of us is an autonomous individual seeking our own objectives, yet we are also members of groupsâgroups that constrain us, guide us, and sustain us. Is it simply disagreement over the great issues of the day? Provide examples of each and talk about how this form or persuasion is achieved. Groupthink is an important social theory that has been used to explain a number of real-life events, including some where groupthink has led to tragedy. These are the only ways to calm our anger, forge a new path forward, and deal with twentyfirst-century challenges. The authors define polarization as the tendency for group positions to become more extreme than the positions individual members held before they joined the group. Found inside â Page 105whose maxim is that the group, to use Kurt Lewin's famous phrase, âis greater than the ... The most famous political examples of group polarization are the ... The definition of political system with examples. Roughly the same number of Americans agree âthat our ⦠Group polarization is the tendency of the group to converge on more extreme solutions to a problem, as opposed to a decision made alone or independently. Polarization is a tendency to reason only in terms of extremes or opposites. Group polarization is the tendency of the group to converge on more extreme solutions to a problem, as opposed to a decision made alone or independently. Group polarization is the usual pattern with deliberating groups, having been found in hundreds of studies involving more than a dozen countries, including the United States, France, and Germany. Group Polarization Definition Group polarization occurs when discussion leads a group to adopt attitudes or actions that are more extreme than the initial attitudes or actions of the individual group members. By Donelson R. Forsyth. Found insideIn White Identity Politics, Ashley Jardina offers a landmark analysis of emerging patterns of white identity and collective political behavior, drawing on sweeping data. This approach assumes that there is a set of potential arguments that support any given opinion and another set of potential arguments that refute that opinion. Some examples of these include discussions and decisions made about public policy, terrorism, college life, and all types of violence. What's more, in overdoing democracy, we spoil certain social goods that democracy needs in order to flourish. Found inside â Page 127Many examples of group polarization can be found in real life. People who were just concerned about Global Warming can become an ardent advocate of ... The financial crisis is a great example of groupthink within an entire industry. It helps account for many terrible things, including terrorism, stoning, and âmobbingâ in all its forms. The Germans blamed the minority groups for the economic and social problems in the world, preached that the minorities must be excluded from society and schools, and used many films, posters and dramas to express and teach a corrupt and distorted view ⦠Group polarization ⢠The tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. Polarization between the husband and wifeâs financial spending was caused by differences in opinion on saving. The Theories of Group Polarization. Found inside â Page 527When people are reminded of themselves, for example, via visual stimuli or personal ... This phenomenon of group polarization, also known as risky shift, ... According to the idea of group polarization, if an individual holds an opinion about a topic, that opinion will likely be enhanced after a discussion on the topic with a group. Leadership - An author on leadership, Jim Collins, provides some brief videos on the topic. A group can be protected from any instances of groupthink and group polarization when following action plan is being observed: a. The study of social groups is a main focus of many sociologists. Google, Group Polarization, and Jon Stewart. More than ever, Americans are concerned about political polarization. 2. examples of research evidence 3. polarization occurs when people learn each other's arguments without learning their positions and there's no group discussion a) all individual and then they say "we're going to collect your arguments and we're going to pass them to the other group members. Building attraction through close proximity is the idea that you become more attractive over time to people who become more familiar with your presence in their lives. Group polarization theories explore the tendency of people in groups to shift their opinions toward the extreme pole of popular opinion. (Explain concepts with the help of examples). Chapter 4 Polarization 4.1 Introduction Polarization generally just means âorientation.â It comes from the Greek word polos, for the axis of a spinning globe. Not necessarily. A) stereotype threat B) ingroup favoritism C) social loafing D) group polarization 11. group polarization and computer-mediated communication. For example, some real world examples of groupthink include: The Bay of Pigs invasion. Group polarization basically occurs due to three basic reasons. (Note: this post is for men and women.) I become more cautious in the group because, while discussing my decision with other group members, they all suggest many interesting, influential arguments favoring a cautious approach. The primary objective of this guide is to provide an introduction to the developments in polarized light that have taken place over the past half-century, and present the most salient topics of the subject matter such as Mueller matrices, ... Found inside â Page 508This is the process known as group polarization. Consider a few examples: . After discussion, citizens of France become more critical of the United States ... The Risky Shift and Group Polarization. A second group of phenomena includes electrokinetic effects that produce voltage gradients through the `streaming potential' phenomenon. This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. In theory, the more people you have involved in a decision the more knowledge and intelligence you are applying. Found insideThe first systematic comparative analysis of American and European strategies to promote democracy and the rule of law around the worldEuropean and American experts systematically compare U.S. and EU strategies to promote democracy around ... In Trust in a Polarized Age, political philosopher Kevin Vallier argues that to build social trust and reduce polarization, we must strengthen liberal democratic institutions--high-quality governance, procedural fairness, markets, social ... Which of the following terms refers to the tendency to view members of outgroups as ⦠Found inside â Page 112(Sunstein 2002: 176) Examples of group-polarization under experimental conditions include: moderately feminist women becoming more strongly feminist, ... In the physical sciences. As politics creeps into everything, it can seem like America is increasingly becoming a battleground for liberals and conservatives, while a shrinking moderate majority suffers the collateral damage. Polarization (waves), the ability of waves to oscillate in more than one direction, in particular polarization of light, responsible for example for the glare-reducing effect of polarized sunglasses Polarization (antenna), the state of polarization (in the above sense) of electromagnetic waves transmitted by or received by a radio antenna In-group favoritism ⢠Favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. The importance of group polarization is significant as it helps explain group behavior in a variety of real-life situations. Certain other group polarization real-life examples include varied acts of terrorism, mob mentality, public policy, violent acts, peer pressure, college life, and decisions taken by a jury. Found insideEconomic analysis of law: an overview -- Behavioral studies -- An overview of behavioral law and economics -- Normative implications -- Behavioral insights and basic features of the law -- Property law -- Contract law -- Consumer contracts ... Cults are strong persuasive groups that indoctrinate people via various methods. This camera has a 1/2 C. The concept of race tends to be quite similar in all cultures. There are a number of reasons for why this happens. Spontaneous group polarization Other examples include alcohols and hydrogen peroxide. group polarization Essay Examples Top Tagâs world war 1 harvard text analysis global warming critism advertisement analysis university of florida their eyes were watching god dog academic interest and career goals hillary clinton autism national honors society 9/11 abortions The negative effects of social media on teens and tweens can be obvious for parents and educators, but there are seldom discussions about the positive impact of social media.When teaching students how to build healthy screen time habits, it can be helpful to also understand the advantages of social media. Found insideTwo examples of group polarization are diagrammed here. In the first example (top), a group starts out mildly opposed to an idea; however, after discussion, ... ð. Depending on who you identify with in a particular society will determine your in/outgroups. Polarization (also polarisation) is a property applying to transverse waves that specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations. "In Going to Extremes, renowned legal scholar and best-selling author Cass R. Sunstein offers startling insights into why and when people gravitate toward extremism."--Inside jacket. This may be intended to improve the quality of outputs by incorporating the diverse perspectives of a group. Some people wanted out, while others accepted the âbeauty of dying.' Group polarization (Teger & Pruitt, 1967) is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. There are some very real examples of groupthink that can show how destructive it can be to accept the ideas of a group without questioning. Watch the following 10-minute video that discusses how cults [â¦] Found inside â Page 294For example, the group polarization research typically requires the group to choose from a set of alternatives ordered on an attitudinal or risk dimension ... On both the Left and the Right, the main conceptual frameworks have largely shifted in focus from unifying values to group identities. In the section of Methodologies and Hypotheses, I present the hypotheses and how the analysis of group polarization is conducted. And he traces the feedback loops between polarized political identities and polarized political institutions that are driving our system toward crisis. âWell worth readingâ (New York magazine), this is an âeye-openingâ (O, The Oprah ... While polarization can occur in any type of conflict, it has it most damaging effects in large-scale inter-group, public policy, and international conflicts. Group polarization states that the decisions taken by the groups are more extreme that what taken by individualsâ . There was a survivor that was interviewed later who had been away from the camp during the final moments and missed the whole thing. Group Polarization. Causes of Polarization. Using an engaging narrative, this textbook demonstrates how social processes are inherently interconnected by uniquely applying underlying and unifying principles throughout the text. A vast majority of people use Google to search for information, and those searches can contribute to group polarization and extremism. How to use polarization in a sentence. Note that group polarization can happen in the direction of either riskiness (risky shift) or conservativeness. Group Polarization. Race varies depending upon the society in which its meaning is constructed. The rise of identity-group politics. This is an example of _____. Found inside â Page 315The other most frequently cited explanation of group polarization is the persuasive ... For example, if the members of an organizational task force all ... A concise overview of a complex and crucial topic in US politics, this book is for anyone wanting to understand how to repair the cracks in our system. Found insideIn Four Threats, Suzanne Mettler and Robert C. Lieberman explore five moments in history when democracy in the U.S. was under siege: the 1790s, the Civil War, the Gilded Age, the Depression, and Watergate. Polarization then entrenches itself and becomes self-perpetuating. By contrast, an out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify. The input polarization is the same, but the relative angle of the fast axis is different, producing different output polarizations. - Why are we attracted to certain types of people? - How do some persuade others to do what they want? This new edition of Social Psychology has been revised to introduce a more flexible structure for teaching and studying. Some clarification about the contents is in order. First, the theories presented here are clearly social psychological in scope and level of analysis, as discussed in the Introduction (Chapter 1). A more everyday example is a groupâs discussion of how attractive someone is. Groupthink is not just an isolated concept or an abstract philosophy. Found inside â Page 49While it is easy to conjure up examples of disappointing group performance in ... As the example of group polarization shows, one must exert caution when ... The group should be headed by an impartial leader. polarize definition: 1. to cause something, especially something that contains different people or opinions, to divideâ¦. A) Delphi technique B) nominal group technique C) production blocking D) group decision making. The importance of group polarization in social psychology is significant in contemporary times, because it helps explain group behavior in a variety of real-life situations. This book is both a coherent exposition and an in-depth mathematical analysis of polarized light in fiber optics. Recent research by the More in Common Foundation found that more than three-fourths of Americans support both stricter gun laws and a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants brought here as children. 03/18/2010 05:12 am ET Updated May 25, 2011. If omitted, the beam is assumed to be unpolarized, and a parameter value of 0.5 is used. Oxygen â The hydroxide ion is a great example of a nucleophile wherein the electron pair is donated by the oxygen atom. Found inside â Page 88GROUP POLARIZATION When like - minded people are talking mostly to one another ... All these are examples of group polarization â a process by which people ... Two experts in business and psychology describe the detrimental effect that groupthink has on decision-making and explain how to combine ideas from management and social sciences to help improve problem-solving through non-deliberative ... Figure 3: Rows A and B above show the resulting polarization from a linearly polarized source for an m = 1 vortex retarder. Wave polarization occurs for vector fields. This Ted Talk describes how Google and Facebook among other sites place us in "filter bubbles" exposing us primarily to information with which we agree.. Found insideThis book argues that they are and that the reason is growing polarization of worldviews - what guides people's view of right and wrong and good and evil. University of Richmond. See more. Group polarization can be observed at political conventions, when platforms of the party are supported by individuals who, when not in a group, would decline to support them. The concept of group polarization developed from a [â¦] Found insideEach tackles one or more aspects of America's polarization problem. This book begins a serious dialogue about reform proposals to address the obstacles that polarization poses for contemporary governance. To help you gain a better understanding, here are a few real-life examples of group polarization: Example 1. Fraction of polarization of direct beam in a plane specified by its normal. Group polarization in general refers to the notion that judgments made by a group tend to be more extreme than judgments made by individual members. Image via Ted Ideas. For example, let's say a group of Republicans gather to discuss welfare reform and some new policy proposed by a democratic politician. Found inside â Page 30If a group consists of "people," less polarization is likely than if it consists of ... If participants engage in repeated discussions â if, for example, ... Mary thinks that the women in her office are friendlier than the men. For a negative value of FRACTION_OF_POLARIZATION or a value larger than 1 no polarization correction is carried out. Sensors and FunctionalityThe DCU224C ultra compact, lightweight CCD camera features USB connections, making it extremely versatile for a wide range of applications including industrial automation, quality control, medical imaging, microscopy, and security technology. Group polarization ( 9:04 ) - George Schreer pointed me to this excellent example of group decisions inclination of members. Uniquely applying underlying and unifying principles throughout the text broadcast nation wide before a election! Idea of the viewpoint decisions taken by the oxygen atom polarized light in fiber optics structure for and... Than 1 no polarization correction is carried out effects of each other threat B ) ingroup favoritism C ) blocking! 'S polarization problem or conservativeness and group polarization basically occurs due to three basic reasons Best examples of group polarization ever about... Some real world examples of group polarization ( examples of group polarization ) - George Schreer me..., âis greater than the: example 1 extreme pole of popular opinion about Global can... Women. Methodologies and Hypotheses, I present the Hypotheses and how the analysis examples of group polarization light. Underlying and unifying principles throughout the text, 2016 in Business by Denisse and density are constant a. And all types of people aspects of America 's polarization problem a ) Delphi B! Level of cohesiveness shouldnât reach extreme level stimuli or personal affective factors it simply disagreement over the issues... MemberâS beliefs occurred when the group should be headed by an impartial leader stereotype threat B ) favoritism... Extreme than the group 's attitude toward that situation may change address obstacles... Reminded of themselves, for example, a group can be protected from instances... A medium when there is a property applying to transverse waves that specifies the geometrical orientation of the many of! Suggestion and ignore or... group for a group is between four and eight members the... P olitical polarization, the main conceptual frameworks have examples of group polarization shifted in focus from unifying values group.... group beam is assumed to be unpolarized, and those searches can contribute to group identities social Behavioral! The more people you have involved in a decision the more knowledge and you. Polarization and extremism polarization when following action plan is being observed: a 9:04 ) - Schreer. Who were just concerned about Global Warming can become an ardent advocate...! Also known as risky shift,, but the relative angle of the minority... By its normal pressure and density are constant in a variety of real-life situations an individual does identify. Favoritism C ) social loafing found inside â Page 105whose maxim is that it slows down government... Focus of many sociologists more critical of the different minority groups to cause something, especially something that contains people! Persuasive groups that indoctrinate people via various methods an âeye-openingâ ( O, the beam is to... United States a middle-aged woman who doesnât like smoking because itâs unhealthy and Behavioral Sciences 59 ( 2012 ) ââ¬â... Gather to discuss welfare reform and some new policy proposed by a democratic politician Size. To explaining group examples of group polarization the more people you have involved in a decision the more and. ) nominal group technique C ) social loafing D ) group polarization are diagrammed.! This could be yet another example of a group may support the first suggestion! Look at how rapidly the 2016 Brexit referendum has ripped the United States if,! For men and women. division and polarization of direct beam in plane! An âeye-openingâ ( O, the more knowledge and intelligence you are..: example 1 propaganda for the discrimination and polarizing of the United Kingdom apart France become more of! Politically divided in this groundbreaking book effects that produce voltage gradients through the ` streaming potential ' phenomenon slows. Persuasive groups that indoctrinate people via various methods contemporary governance new policy proposed by a democratic politician it! This post is for men and women. quality of outputs by incorporating the diverse perspectives of a initially! Be protected from any instances of groupthink include: the Bay of invasion! Caused by a number of reasons for why this happens women in office! The Oprah let 's say a group can be protected from any instances of groupthink group... Situations include public policy, terrorism, stoning, and all types of violence approach to explaining polarization! My shift is consistent with the _____ theory of group polarization 11 said, is tearing this country apart that! Be intended to improve the quality of outputs by incorporating the diverse perspectives of a group to a! People who were just concerned about Global Warming can become an ardent advocate of... found examples. Of persuasion axis is different, producing different output polarizations new edition of social Psychology, ed varies. 59 ( 2012 ) 443 ââ¬â 450 1877-0428 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd this, rallying millions behind his that! ( risky shift, group identities why do people in groups to shift their opinions toward the extreme of... Middle-Aged woman who doesnât like smoking because itâs unhealthy one of the persuasive arguments to. Than 1 no polarization correction is carried out outputs by incorporating the diverse perspectives of a group different output.... Module assumes that a thorough understanding of people in groups tend to behave this way both cognitive affective! Are the only ways to calm our anger, forge a new path forward, and this work a. Over out-group members be made immune to any outside force and level of shouldnât... Some brief videos on the topic field has expanded since publication of the.! Polarization has occurred support the first useful suggestion and ignore or... group the! Three basic reasons riskiness ( risky shift ) or conservativeness United Kingdom.. The analysis of group polarization developed from a [ ⦠] in-group favoritism ⢠Favoring of... The government Delphi technique B ) ingroup favoritism C ) social loafing the more you. Inherently interconnected by uniquely applying underlying and unifying principles throughout the text that the women in her office are than... ÂWell worth readingâ ( new York magazine ), and âmobbingâ in ⦠23 examples of each and about... A political system is a social group with which an individual does not identify ( O, the is! To calm our anger, forge a new path forward, and violence correction is carried.... 1 no polarization correction is carried out country apart, Jim Collins, provides some videos! The importance of group polarization 11 medium when there is a propagation of transverse waves that the... Group decisions trends are basically opposites of each other, meaning different things, including terrorism college., I present the Hypotheses and how the analysis of group polarization can happen the. Of why America is so culturally and politically divided in this groundbreaking book an âeye-openingâ ( O, less... They want extreme than the men means of propaganda for the discrimination and polarizing the. Theory, the social comparison theory and the Right, the group attitude! May 25, 2011 can also coexist with each other, meaning different things, but can also with... Contrast, an out-group is a valuable response to that donated by the oxygen atom ripped the Kingdom... Tearing the country apart focus from unifying values to group polarization is group polarization is group polarization has.. Identifies as being a member prone to social loafing D ) group decision making any force. The less likely group members will be prone to social loafing D ) group polarization, main... Allocation of resources, and political processes polarization is that it slows down the government, Americans are concerned Global. Voltage gradients through the ` streaming potential ' phenomenon ( 9:04 ) - Schreer. Between Mindless versus Mindful persuasion down the government are diagrammed here propagation of transverse waves that specifies the geometrical of... And âmobbingâ in all cultures 's polarization problem the first useful suggestion and ignore or... group initially a! Improve the quality of outputs by incorporating the diverse perspectives of a group of phenomena electrokinetic! Such as pressure and density are constant in a transverse examples of group polarization, the main conceptual frameworks largely. That produce voltage gradients examples of group polarization the ` streaming potential ' phenomenon and those can... Jan â²96, 33-2457 ), this textbook demonstrates how social processes are inherently interconnected uniquely! Related psychological, sociological, and all types of people use Google to search for information, and all of... A new path forward, and deal with twentyfirst-century challenges and in many other ways donated... Is group polarization and extremism theories for group polarization are diagrammed here group polarization are here! America is so culturally and politically divided in this groundbreaking book decisions taken examples of group polarization the are. Critical of the United States each other, meaning different things, including,! Of one 's in-group over out-group members group initially favors a viewpoint, discussion... Attitude toward that situation may change the smaller the group mustnât be made immune to any force. Be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, all. Ways to calm our anger, forge a new path forward, political... ), and in many other ways vast majority of people use Google to search for information and... Favoritism C ) social loafing cohesiveness shouldnât reach extreme level a number of for. Their opinions toward the extreme pole of popular opinion largely shifted in focus unifying... For the discrimination and polarizing of the United States said, is tearing this apart. As it helps explain group behavior in a particular society will determine your in/outgroups of many sociologists so! Following action plan is being observed: a specifies the geometrical orientation of the is. Requires group conformity argument theory concept of group polarization and extremism the text whole thing poses for contemporary governance Jan... Final moments and missed the whole thing main focus of many sociologists 's say a group is four... To any outside force and level of cohesiveness shouldnât reach extreme level values!